{"id":62234,"date":"2025-02-18T13:20:31","date_gmt":"2025-02-18T12:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.institucioibars.com\/quines-son-les-sindromes-geriatriques-mes-comunes\/"},"modified":"2025-02-18T13:20:31","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T12:20:31","slug":"quines-son-les-sindromes-geriatriques-mes-comunes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.institucioibars.com\/ca\/quines-son-les-sindromes-geriatriques-mes-comunes\/","title":{"rendered":"Quines s\u00f3n les s\u00edndromes geri\u00e0triques m\u00e9s comunes"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"S\u00edndromes<\/p>\n

En unes d\u00e8cades hem aconseguit augmentar l’esperan\u00e7a de vida i el valor mitj\u00e0 de l’edat fins a la qual una persona sol ser autosuficient. No obstant aix\u00f2, per a algunes coses, els anys no passen debades, i les s\u00edndromes geri\u00e0triques<\/strong> poden afectar persones majors amb la ment perfectament l\u00facida o, segons el s\u00edmptoma concret, a ancians amb una vida relativament activa. Ja no s\u00f3n senyals que la fi de la vida d’una persona \u00e9s a prop, ni molt menys. <\/p>\n

Per aquest motiu, avui veurem qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n les s\u00edndromes geri\u00e0triques i quins s\u00f3n els m\u00e9s comuns<\/strong>. Intentarem exposar les causes m\u00e9s freq\u00fcents de cadascun d’ells i, sobretot, com atendre i tractar, si \u00e9s possible, als qui presentin algun d’aquests problemes associats a l’edat.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n les s\u00edndromes geri\u00e0triques<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Segons la Societat Espanyola de Geriatria i Gerontologia (SEGG), una s\u00edndrome geri\u00e0trica \u00e9s un quadre habitualment originat per un conjunt de malalties d’alta prevalen\u00e7a en els ancians que genera incapacitats funcionals i\/o socials en les persones grans.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Poden ser s\u00edmptomes de diverses malalties o un av\u00eds del comen\u00e7ament d’una d’elles. Per tant, quan una persona de 65 anys o m\u00e9s comen\u00e7a a patir algun de les s\u00edndromes geri\u00e0triques, no hem d’atribuir-ho nom\u00e9s a l’edat<\/strong>. El diagn\u00f2stic d’hora sol ser determinant en l’evoluci\u00f3 de les causes d’aquests problemes de la vellesa, que tenen en com\u00fa una s\u00e8rie d’aspectes: <\/p>\n

    \n
  • Es poden presentar a partir dels 65 anys<\/strong> i la taxa d’incid\u00e8ncia entre la poblaci\u00f3 es dispara en els majors de 80 anys<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  • Provoquen una deterioraci\u00f3 significativa en la qualitat de vida<\/strong> de les persones que els pateixen. A m\u00e9s, depenent de la s\u00edndrome i de la seva severitat, poden ser motiu de depend\u00e8ncia<\/strong> o fer necess\u00e0ria una atenci\u00f3 especial per part de l’assist\u00e8ncia sanit\u00e0ria i de l’entorn. <\/li>\n
  • En molts casos, el desenvolupament de la s\u00edndrome geri\u00e0trica pot prevenir-se<\/strong> o, si es diagnostica de manera preco\u00e7, el seu tractament resulta m\u00e9s efectiu. I, quan la causa no t\u00e9 cura, el diagn\u00f2stic d’hora alenteix l’evoluci\u00f3 i millora la qualitat de vida del pacient. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Los s\u00edndromes geri\u00e1tricos son enfermedades de ancianos, s\u00ed, pero pueden aparecer en personas relativamente j\u00f3venes<\/strong>, si tenemos en cuenta la esperanza de vida de la poblaci\u00f3n. La implementaci\u00f3n de lo que se conoce como envejecimiento saludable<\/strong> permite prolongar muchos a\u00f1os buena parte de la funcionalidad o su totalidad, al evitar o resolver buena parte de estos problemas que vemos hoy. <\/p>\n

    Del que no hi ha dubte \u00e9s que alguns d’aquestes s\u00edndromes requereixen una atenci\u00f3 continuada.<\/strong> Aquesta cura sol recaure en un familiar, qui pot veure’s desbordat. En altres casos, el propi cuidador presenta alguna limitaci\u00f3 pr\u00f2pia per a poder atendre correctament el pacient. <\/p>\n

    Per a tots aquests casos, l’ajuda domicili\u00e0ria ofereix la possibilitat d’assegurar l’atenci\u00f3 correcta<\/strong> i donar temps per a si mateix o per a atendre les labors ineludibles a aquest cuidador principal, evitant la necessitat de portar als majors a un centre de dia o a una resid\u00e8ncia quan no estan realment malament.<\/p>\n

    Principals s\u00edndromes geri\u00e0triques<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Inestabilitat i caigudes<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Una caiguda pot ser letal a qualsevol edat, per\u00f2 en general s\u00f3n m\u00e9s greus a partir dels 65 anys. Fins i tot si el pacient aconsegueix recuperar-se per complet, necessitar\u00e0 m\u00e9s temps per a la curaci\u00f3 i la rehabilitaci\u00f3<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

    En el cas de les caigudes, la prevenci\u00f3 \u00e9s la t\u00e0ctica principal de l’estrat\u00e8gia per a abordar aquest problema. Hem de retirar de la llar les catifes i altres objectes que poguessin causar ensopecs<\/strong> i animem als qui precisin de l’\u00fas continuat d’ulleres <\/strong>a no deixar-les-hi oblidades. <\/p>\n

    D’altra banda, la sarcop\u00e8nia sol tenir molt a veure en caigudes de persones majors. Treballant la musculatura amb exercicis adaptats a l’edat<\/strong> i condici\u00f3 de cada pacient aconseguim no sols revertir una p\u00e8rdua de massa muscular significativa, sin\u00f3 evitar-la en la majoria dels casos.<\/p>\n

    Quan aquesta s\u00edndrome es deu a malalties neurodegeneratives com el Parkinson, arribar\u00e0 un moment en el qual la persona necessiti de companyia per a continuar mantenint una vida social activa. De nou, podem acompanyar als majors que ho necessitin a fer el seu passeig diari, a m\u00e9s de treballar amb ells una taula d’exercicis per a preservar el que encara conserven. <\/p>\n

    Incontin\u00e8ncia urin\u00e0ria<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    La p\u00e8rdua involunt\u00e0ria d’orina entre persones majors pot deure’s a diversos factors, des de la p\u00e8rdua de fermesa en el s\u00f2l pelvi\u00e0<\/strong> fins a l‘\u00fas de di\u00fcr\u00e8tics<\/strong> per a ajudar a controlar determinats s\u00edmptomes de malaltia card\u00edaca.<\/p>\n

    Les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies en les persones que ho pateixen s’observen a nivell emocional<\/strong> (depressi\u00f3, aband\u00f3 de la vida social, p\u00e8rdua d’autoestima\u2026) i, quan la higiene no \u00e9s acurada, poden incloure tamb\u00e9 malalties com a infeccions urin\u00e0ries i \u00falceres<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    El tractament de la incontin\u00e8ncia urin\u00e0ria en persones majors combina la ter\u00e0pia f\u00edsica del s\u00f2l pelvi\u00e0 amb f\u00e0rmacs<\/strong>. Quan aix\u00f2 no \u00e9s suficient, es valora si \u00e9s recomanable la soluci\u00f3 quir\u00fargica.<\/p>\n

    Immobilitat<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    La immobilitat com a s\u00edndrome geri\u00e0trica consisteix en la incapacitat per a despla\u00e7ar-se<\/strong> per problemes f\u00edsics o psicosocials. Sol tractar-se d’una immobilitat parcial, per\u00f2 anir\u00e0 a m\u00e9s si no s’aplica un tractament i es deixa estar. <\/p>\n

    Les seves causes poden anar des d’una hospitalitzaci\u00f3 prolongad<\/strong>a, i en aquest cas sol ser reversible, fins a lesions neurol\u00f2giques<\/strong>, passant per problemes articulars en grau avan\u00e7at.<\/p>\n

    El tractament de la immobilitat es basa en la prevenci\u00f3.<\/strong> Quan es deu a un efecte secundari d’un f\u00e0rmac, s’intentar\u00e0 substituir est per un altre d’acci\u00f3 similar, per\u00f2 millor tolerat.<\/p>\n

    Deterioraci\u00f3 cognitiva<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Aquest \u00e9s, juntament amb la immobilitat, un de les s\u00edndromes geri\u00e0triques m\u00e9s greus. De fet, pot originar uns altres. <\/p>\n

    Entenem per deterioraci\u00f3 cognitiva la reducci\u00f3 temporal o cr\u00f2nica de les funcions mentals superiors<\/strong>. En efecte, a vegades \u00e9s temporal per tractar-se d’un efecte advers d’alguns tractaments farmacol\u00f2gics. En qualsevol cas, la deterioraci\u00f3 cognitiva implica depend\u00e8ncia i necessitat d’atenci\u00f3 continuada<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

    Per a pal\u00b7liar aquest problema, utilitzem gimn\u00e0stica f\u00edsica i cerebral juntament amb tractaments de suport psicol\u00f2gic o psiqui\u00e0tric <\/strong>per a controlar conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies de la deterioraci\u00f3 cognitiva: depressi\u00f3 en la tercera edat, ansietat o agressivitat.<\/p>\n

    Les s\u00edndromes geri\u00e0triques s\u00f3n freq\u00fcents en una poblaci\u00f3 amb elevada esperan\u00e7a de vida, com la nostra. En tots els casos, afecten la qualitat de vida del pacient i poden ser motiu de depend\u00e8ncia. El m\u00e9s habitual \u00e9s que un familiar sigui el cuidador principal o l’acompanyant de les persones afligides d’un o m\u00e9s s\u00edndromes. Aqu\u00ed \u00e9s on l’assist\u00e8ncia domicili\u00e0ria que oferim en Instituci\u00f3 Ibars pot ajudar tant al pacient com al cuidador <\/strong>i evitar mesures dures (internament, centres de dia) a persones als qui encara els queda bastant per viure i poden ser perfectament funcionals en altres aspectes. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    En unes d\u00e8cades hem aconseguit augmentar l’esperan\u00e7a de vida i el valor mitj\u00e0 de l’edat fins a la qual una persona sol ser autosuficient. No obstant aix\u00f2, per a algunes coses, els anys no passen debades, i les s\u00edndromes geri\u00e0triques poden afectar persones majors amb la ment perfectament l\u00facida o, segons el s\u00edmptoma concret, a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":59601,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[419],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cura-de-gent-gran"],"yoast_head":"\nQuines s\u00f3n les s\u00edndromes geri\u00e0triques m\u00e9s comunes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Coneix les s\u00edndromes geri\u00e0triques, afeccions comunes en majors que provoquen deterioraci\u00f3 funcional i depend\u00e8ncia. 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