{"id":60227,"date":"2023-06-21T19:49:46","date_gmt":"2023-06-21T17:49:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibars.institucioibars.com\/fase-terminal-de-lela-simptomes-i-cures-necessaries\/"},"modified":"2023-06-21T19:49:46","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T17:49:46","slug":"fase-terminal-de-lela-simptomes-i-cures-necessaries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.institucioibars.com\/ca\/fase-terminal-de-lela-simptomes-i-cures-necessaries\/","title":{"rendered":"Fase terminal de l’ELA: s\u00edmptomes i cures necess\u00e0ries"},"content":{"rendered":"

L ‘esclerosi lateral amiotr\u00f2fica o ELA <\/strong>\u00e9s una malaltia mortal, per la qual cosa es pot comen\u00e7ar amb el suport pal\u00b7liatiu psicol\u00f2gic i emocional per al pacient i els seus familiars des del moment del diagn\u00f2stic. No obstant aix\u00f2, els s\u00edmptomes de la fase terminal de l’ELA continuaran sent traum\u00e0tics, i el cuidador principal necessitar\u00e0 ajuda. Aquesta ajuda sol ser doble, d’una banda, per sostenir el pacient i, de l’altra, per donar suport al cuidador.<\/p>\n

Conv\u00e9 con\u00e8ixer els s\u00edmptomes per estar preparats i, sobretot, per saber quan comunicar-nos amb els serveis m\u00e8dics. Si la fase terminal de l’ELA i els seus s\u00edmptomes es prolonguen en el temps, els pacients solen ser donats d’alta per morir a la seva llar, moltes vegades per voluntat del mateix malalt o de la fam\u00edlia. Aix\u00f2 es contempla dins del que s’ent\u00e9n per cures pal\u00b7liatives. L ‘assist\u00e8ncia domicili\u00e0ria<\/strong> que oferim a Instituci\u00f3 Ibars resulta, en aquests casos, imprescindible.<\/p>\n

S\u00edmptomes de l’ ELA en la seva fase terminal<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Les fases de l’ELA determinen quines cures precisa cada pacient i el suport als cuidadors principals:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • La fase inicial<\/strong>, en qu\u00e8 es confirma la malaltia, s’elabora el dol i es comen\u00e7a a adaptar l’habitatge i l’estil de vida amb anticipaci\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • La fase interm\u00e8dia,<\/strong> en qu\u00e8 el s\u00edmptoma principal \u00e9s el deteriorament motor.<\/li>\n
  • La fase final o terminal<\/strong>, que acaba en mort i \u00e9s la m\u00e9s delicada quant a cures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Durant la fase terminal, l’ELA es manifesta amb una gran discapacitat del pacient, qui pot experimentar problemes importants en la comunicaci\u00f3. A m\u00e9s, la mort sobtada \u00e9s una possibilitat present en tot moment i no \u00e9s estrany que el malalt necessiti una sonda per alimentar-se o assist\u00e8ncia per a la respiraci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    Hi ha una s\u00e8rie de s\u00edmptomes comuns en aquesta fase final:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Disf\u00e0gia<\/strong> o dificultats en la degluci\u00f3.<\/li>\n
    • Sialorrea o hipersalivaci\u00f3,<\/strong> que, en combinaci\u00f3 amb la disf\u00e0gia, augmenta el risc de mort per atrafegament. Conv\u00e9 que una persona es trobi tota l’ estona a prop del malalt i tingui coneixement de maniobres de primers auxilis.<\/li>\n
    • Disnea<\/strong> per debilitat muscular i\/o per p\u00e8rdua de la capacitat pulmonar. De nou, risc d’asf\u00edxia.<\/li>\n
    • Deteriorament cognitiu <\/strong>que pot ser m\u00e9s o menys sever d’ un pacient a un altre.<\/li>\n
    • Ansietat i depressi\u00f3<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
    • Alteracions del ritme gastrointestinal.<\/strong><\/li>\n
    • Debilitat muscular, calfreds, espasticitat i dolor<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Cures que necessita durant l’ etapa final de la malaltia<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Cures per al pacient<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Els s\u00edmptomes d’ELA en la fase terminal no s\u00f3n iguals en tots els pacients. Per exemple, alguns poden respirar per si sols o amb l’ajuda d’una mascareta amb aire enriquit en oxigen, mentre que d’altres poden arribar a necessitar una traqueotomia.<\/p>\n

      Recomanem que el malalt decideixi i deixi const\u00e0ncia sobre com procedir si arriba a necessitar tractaments invasius o davant d’una parada cardiorespirat\u00f2ria<\/strong>. \u00c9s el seu dret, mentre el deteriorament cognitiu no afecti la seva capacitat de decisi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

      En la fase terminal, els s\u00edmptomes de l’ELA solen fer necessari medicar-se cada 4 hores <\/strong>o, fins i tot, respondre davant d’una crisi. Aquesta medicaci\u00f3 es pot subministrar per via oral si el pacient l’ admet, a trav\u00e9s de la sonda g\u00e0strica o per via intravenosa. Per a cada cas, necessites saber com procedir i pots sol\u00b7licitar ajuda a domicili amb aquesta finalitat, aprendre a subministrar els medicaments, o delegar aquesta tasca.<\/p>\n

      Per suposat, les persones que cuiden el pacient, siguin o no de la fam\u00edlia, han de ser capaces de comprendre la seva comunicaci\u00f3 minvada. El pacient pot arribar a perdre la capacitat de parlar, patir af\u00e0sia o impediments en el llenguatge<\/strong> comuns amb altres malalties neurodegeneratives. La confusi\u00f3 que solen experimentar aquests malalts, no els ajuda a l’hora d’intentar comunicar-se.<\/p>\n

      Davant d’atacs de tos en pacients amb ELA en fase terminal,<\/strong> qui millor sap qu\u00e8 fer sol ser el personal sanitari, tot i que comptem tamb\u00e9 amb cuidadors que han rebut la formaci\u00f3 necess\u00e0ria. \u00c9s una d’aquestes coses que pot desbordar el cuidador no professional, gaireb\u00e9 sempre un familiar, i el mateix malalt.<\/p>\n

      El dolor en les cures pal\u00b7liatives<\/strong> es pot controlar amb morfina, si arrib\u00e9s a ser necess\u00e0ria.<\/p>\n

      Suport al cuidador davant els s\u00edmptomes finals d’ELA<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      En general, per rebre cures pal\u00b7liatives en un hospital o ser beneficiari d’ajudes p\u00fabliques es necessita una esperan\u00e7a de vida inferior als 6 mesos, i molts pacients d’ELA en fase terminal ultrapassen aquest l\u00edmit. Llavors, \u00e9s imprescindible l’ajuda d’un cuidador a domicili<\/strong> o que es desplaci fins a l’hospital durant els per\u00edodes en qu\u00e8 el pacient hagi de romandre ingressat.<\/p>\n

      Aquest ajut extern, limitat a unes hores al dia o a la setmana, \u00e9s sobretot un suport per al cuidador principal. El malalt necessita cures constants, per\u00f2 el cuidador, per sort, no. L’assist\u00e8ncia domicili\u00e0ria permet al cuidador realitzar les seves gestions o acudir a ter\u00e0pia, poder deixar el pacient unes hores sense temor a aquesta mort sobtada.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      Si el cuidador i el pacient ho necessiten, des d ‘Instituci\u00f3 Ibars <\/strong>podem oferir tamb\u00e9 ter\u00e0pia emocional enfocada directament a sobreviure la fase terminal de l’ELA i els seus s\u00edmptomes. Sabem com procedir quan s’imposen les cures pal\u00b7liatives i en quina manera poden aquestes cures repercutir tamb\u00e9 en la salut del cuidador.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      L ‘esclerosi lateral amiotr\u00f2fica o ELA \u00e9s una malaltia mortal, per la qual cosa es pot comen\u00e7ar amb el suport pal\u00b7liatiu psicol\u00f2gic i emocional per al pacient i els seus familiars des del moment del diagn\u00f2stic. No obstant aix\u00f2, els s\u00edmptomes de la fase terminal de l’ELA continuaran sent traum\u00e0tics, i el cuidador principal necessitar\u00e0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":53387,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuidado-de-ancianos"],"yoast_head":"\nFase terminal de l'ELA: s\u00edmptomes i cures necess\u00e0ries<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.institucioibars.com\/ca\/fase-terminal-de-lela-simptomes-i-cures-necessaries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fase terminal de l'ELA: s\u00edmptomes i cures necess\u00e0ries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L ‘esclerosi lateral amiotr\u00f2fica o ELA \u00e9s una malaltia mortal, per la qual cosa es pot comen\u00e7ar amb el suport pal\u00b7liatiu psicol\u00f2gic i emocional per al pacient i els seus familiars des del moment del diagn\u00f2stic. 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